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Biased Reality (Part IV): Reality

You never again see the skin when looking through a dermatoscope. What at first seems becomes soft and smooth on the surface of an alien planet reliefs and structures of questionable rough beauty increasing n times its size.

The pixel is the smallest unit of digital imaging. Picture quality requires a pixel size small enough to just appreciate the whole. If the pixel is too large the image will be pixelated and of poor quality. Our vision is limited. If we had a better view would need better screens and cameras to get a sense of image quality. Therefore, we see only what we are designed to see.

To see an impressionist painting need to get away for the retina capture the overall picture. The brush strokes are thick as a bad pixel camera and need to understand the image distance. Not always be close to help in the analysis of reality.

realistic painters painted shades of gray because "culturally" the shadows are gray, but need not be, depending on light, background object's shadow, the shadow will have a color. Realists just trying to reflect reality, as he saw it, and yet despite it being his intention, if any front, painted gray, as dictated by the canons, as everyone expected to see a shadow, as they believed her.

Realists painted what they thought they saw and health professionals diagnose what we see. Some call us inventors of diseases, and in part I agree, but not for the conspiracy of the pharmaceutical industry (also) proclaims the book Jörg Blech, simply because our bias of reality, our professional filter. Rarely do we say to our patients is something new. The guidelines, advice and recommendations also served for others. We know that every patient is different, but that is not operating. Knowing a diagnosis involves labeling patients with the diagnosis. If that diagnosis is not known does not matter: it shall be labeled with another diagnosis. That's right.

In observation one has to know what to watch. Bringing attention to something already an observational bias. Look at what we know. But as a student is taught to observe? Indicating where it should look. There is no other way. If not see nothing. Not even know if what you see is relevant.

The concept of reality is linked to the concept of consciousness. The reality is all that is known or unknown, conscious or unconscious. The operational reality is always skewed by the fact of being limited to consciousness. It is our perception of reality, whether personal or communal empirical, scientific. Is what today we mean by real.

The phenomenology is the science that studies the relationship between facts (phenomena) and the area where this is present reality (consciousness). Every object is a phenomenon visible, the perceptible reality is phenomenal or phenomenological reality. perceptible only if it is real. Despite the momentous philosophical context of the real tangible vs mythological beliefs and religious structures of phenomenology, the truth is that perception does not ensure the reality. Science follows the Cartesian phenomenological model and the evidence. The next challenge of science is to eliminate observational bias of perception.

There is always variability inter-observer. The inter-observer agreement can be calculated using the kappa coefficient . However, as the article says, two observers may have a nearly perfect diagnostic agreement (κ ≠ 0.80 to 1.00) and concordantly be mistaken about the actual diagnosis.

Our knowledge conditions and limits. The greater the knowledge we have better vision. To find out about something, we need to devote time to this portion of Conon. We super-specialized. The problem to spend too much time looking at this is that you lose perspective. If we get to see the brush box. If we turn we see the whole picture. But sometimes you have to move away from the table even further, to see how it looks on the wall, or maybe get out of the room to view from outside.

" If you contemplate the sky from the bottom of a well, you'll find small" Han Yu

Watch our prejudices, we will see the dark shadows, forward events and jumping to conclusions.

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Biased Perspective (Part III): The Reality

Dumbo's feather is that Timothy gave to Dumbo could fly. A pen to which magical properties had been attributed to the elephant cogiese confidence.

By extension, Dumbo feather refers to any charm or superstitious behavior that makes those who prefer place their trust in external factors beyond their control. This distance makes it easier to overcome failure and face the fear of not achieving our objectives. This is when you hear phrases like "Fate wanted it that way" or "I've had bad luck."

The Dumbo Feather is also a tendency to look for behavior patterns or sequences of results to a given event and without a rational reason for it. In the world of sport and art, come to light quickly superstitions, amulets, good and bad luck, the desired "a lot of shit" and entrusted to the goddess Fortuna, the goddess more whimsical Olympus.

But much less is something exclusive to artists and athletes. Whether in the form of personal prejudice or cultural beliefs and religious structures, the patients always give a cause for their ailments. When someone stops for a moment to analyze their pain, always conclude a plea based on their filters, their knowledge and mindset of what happens there. These biases can actually determine a specific behavior, either by repetition of an action or avoidance.

superstitious behaviors apparently unrelated to rationality. The reason and the mental processes that are attributed to man as a differentiator from the rest Animal us to think that superstition is not an attribute of evolution as a species, and in fact, superstitious behaviors are evident in many animals. And not only in higher animals such as primates.

Animals in general tend to be superstitious behaviors. In studies with pigeons observed a peculiar behavior when they are fed. Although food delivery was performed every day at the same time and had no connection with its behavior, each executing the same action happened to be doing at the time they received food. This action is repeated continuously every time they wanted food, and despite not fulfilled in the vast majority of times they did, enough that they had a successful time to continue with the ritual (like the rain dance.)

There is thus a tendency to over-interpret the chance (miracle), such as not taken into account (denial of basic ratio) . To speak of chance is to enter the field of probability. Chances in the minds of superstitious is not relevant. In superstition a casualty, which was unlikely to happen, is due to a supernatural phenomenon. Moreover, applying rational logic, the probability of something happening by a mysterious supernatural phenomenon, is zero.

The probability of hitting the 6 numbers on the lottery is 1 in 14 million. (see reasoning )
The probability of hitting the full EuroMillions is 1 in 75 million.
The probability of being struck by lightning walking down the street is 1 in 3 million.
Why buy lottery if it rains when we go out not with a lightning rod?
Why would increase likely to touch the lottery by rubbing the tenth in a hump?

attach to the facts of life casual explanations varied. We seek an explanation for everything. Often, patients attributed their illnesses to the changes of time. Hardly a day goes by that someone predicted that will change over time. "You notice it in the bones."

Other times, the facts of past precedent in the patient. 50 year old patient that after a back pain that occurred 10 years ago to tying shoes causes have never try it again and instead of bending over to buckle up, since then only buy shoes with Velcro and closed from above with a stick.

Existen dos tipos de supersticiones: las positivas (las de la buena suerte), como pisar una mierda y las negativas (las de la mala suerte) como cruzarse con un gato negro.

Las supersticiones positivas generan placebo, mientras que las negativas generan nocebo. Otros estudios, realizados en la Univerdidad de Cololonia, concluyeron que las supersticiones positivas mejoraban el rendimiento y la eficacia al aumentar la autoconfianza con la actitud.

La pluma de Dumbo era positiva cuando volaba con ella, pero cuando se le cayó de la trompa, Dumbo se precipitó al vacío. Por suerte para Dumbo, Timoteo le ayudo a recobrar la confianza en sí mismo antes de que el cuento acabase de forma trágica. En ocasiones We are Tim, and our patients are Dumbo. While all goes well with the pen there is no reason to tell them no good, but if the problem appears not to have the pen, or have bad bones, or "circulation" or "nerves" or genetic inheritance, then it is necessary to disbelieve the pen.

In conclusion, superstitious behavior, amulets, hobbies, lottery, the divine plan, purpose, premonitory dreams, the "Mancias, avoidance, relational capacity of things happen if you do things, elaborate that these ideas are mental, we equate the pigeons.

On the cause of the pain that our patients can be attributed to error probability. The rehabilitation is going through a cognitive re-learning process. Provide valuable information for the patient is just as valuable as physical therapy itself.

Nevertheless, superstitions work and can meet its target, so if there is an undesirable goal, no reason to disarm them.

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Dumbo feather biased (Part II): handling and reliability. Forer effect.

According to wikipedia, the Forer effect or fallacy of personal validation, also called the Barnum effect is the observation that individuals will approve high precision to descriptions of his personality that were allegedly made to them directly, but are really general and vague enough to apply to a broad spectrum of people, as in tarot, horoscopes, palmistry, the seers, soothsayers and futurists.

In this Amazings link, there is an excellent gateway to better understand the Forer effect.

The

Forer effect terminating the overwhelming fact: We are extremely manipulative.

Interestingly manipulation we mean by something else. Our sense of manipulation is the technique of high speed which often precedes a "clack", but ... Are they the only manipulations that we perform? What information is given to the patient when performing a technique of manipulation? Is there manipulation in the manipulation?.

When the Power Balance that was in its heyday, the vendors were doing their demagogic demonstrations on the improvement in stability, balance and flexibility with the bracelet attached. They say comparisons are odious, but we are not outside the game of manipulation.

In general, humans have developed some critical thinking. It is more cheerful and fun to get carried away by the thrill of being with something amazing to be a killjoy skeptical and unbelieving. The physios are themselves sometimes lax training / information we receive.

Those tests, carried out by people with a tie and briefcase, detached from the world of health, were a clear set of manipulation. I remember one of the test was no trunk flexion and repeat with wrist strap. In muscle chains explain some resemblance to the masseter: isquitibiales length was greater after opening the mouth ... Honestly I think the same nonsense. Any stretch that is repeated a second time will increase the range without bracelets and without opening his mouth. That's the game of illusion, magic, deception.

There are hundreds of tests and conditions listed in Physiotherapy that are totally unspecified. The specificity and sensitivity parameters indicates the validity of a test, but a large majority of them do not have those parameters has not been studied for their validity. It would be advisable to dispense with some of them, and if used, be taken into account.

manipulation could be defined as a confirmation bias that the person does consciously. Handling understood as persuasion to convince the subject manipulated, and where social skills, the ability of persuasion, empathy, the image that we keep, and the aesthetics of the site, if it inspires confidence, if it looks serious, if it is a large multidisciplinary clinic or clinic is the Manolo ... is what determines whether it is a good professional. For some, this is marketing and selling techniques and affects all levels of interpersonal communication. Not long ago a College of Physiotherapists offer a course on patient loyalty.

manipulation is morally and ethically reprehensible if not telling the truth. The patients talk about tendons mounted, pinched nerves and vertebrae misplaced, but we should not use the language of the patient, except to communicate with him in any way to counter the argument does not hold and so "loyal" to the patient.

- Ugh, that's where it hurts "is hard?

- ... If you have a few knots. (Anyone says no)

These cases are given less often, but I made up. All things considered, to please the expectations of the patient does not know whether to consider how to manipulate or be manipulated, in any case, a misuse of power.

a cow say it is healthier to eat chicken, whether or not true, it is less credible. There are always vested interests.